Since no one has decided to post here as yet I figured I would try to get the ball rolling, by answering my own questions.
Considering your personal political leanings, what major political party do you feel comes closest to your own ideology? What is it that about that party that prevents you from joining it?Though I was once a Republican for some time (and a Democrat before that), I find that I most closely agree with the Libertarians, at least in regard to their more "moderate" positions.
Personally, I feel that there has to be significant and provable benefit to all Americans if we are going to ban anything, or limit individual liberty. This why I support the legalization of most vices, reductions in government regulation (as well as changing our approach to it), and I also tend to lean slightly toward isolationist thinking when it comes to involving ourselves in the issues of other nations.
What prevents me from joining them is a combination of factors. One, is some of the more extreme positions in their platform. For example, eliminating all taxes in favor of a fee for service system. I don't see how this is possible.
However, my biggest issue comes from when I actively looked into the party. Everyone I asked for answers regarding the platform passed the buck. Eventually, I talked to the gentleman running governor as a Libertarian in my state in 2004. When I asked him specific questions he said that he could not answer platform questions, as he never read it. Others said similar things like 'We are Libertarians, we believe what we want', or talked about how there were so many competing groups within the party, the platform would never get straightened out. This bothered me. How do you belong to a party, with a platform that you neither agree with or try to change?
Then when I looked further I learned that to join I had to sign a line item basically saying I did not support the use of force in resolving political disputes. Since there are times, when dealing with other nations, that I feel force can be necessary, I couldn't sign that. I was told a few times that this referred to the use of force in America (as in revolution). I still had problems with this. For one, it doesn't get that specific in it's wording. For another, I am not 100% certain that we will not need a revolution in America's future if we are ever to get things turned around.
Could independent voices, moving into the major political parties have a real possibility of effecting change in those parties?This would depend on how many of them there were, how much money they had access to, how many volunteers they had available, etc. The truth is, unless you have a sizable voting block, I sizable war chest to use to donate to campaigns, or a large pool of volunteers for campaigns, no one will take your group or what you have to say (when it differs with the party platform) very seriously (and even when you have these things they often merely pay lip service to your groups ideas). This certainly seems to be true for both the Democrat and Republican parties, though I would not doubt it was true with the Libertarians as well.
If you felt you could bring together a number of independents as a caucus of sorts within one of the major political parties (one that came close to your own ideology) would you join that party to work to effect change within? Why or Why Not?Depends on the number of them of course. But in the end, yes. If I felt I could get the ball rolling, and form a Centrist Caucus within one of the major parties I would likely work to accomplish that. To sway the party you have to be heard (and when you are, you have to sound reasonable). But the most important thing (other then how many vote, how much money you have to donate, etc) is that you be a member of the party because all too often political party members ignore messages from those outside their ranks, regardless of the validity of those views.
Is it really possible, considering the nature of our political system today, for an Independent party to have an effective role in American politics outside of being a spoiler?Personally, I don't think so. That is not the way I wish it was, it is just the way it seems to be. I have said this here on

before, but there are dozens of third parties out there that all basically agree on the same things with the exception of one or two issues. However, those parties stay apart and do not pool their efforts or resources because most insist on "ideological purity" and will not bend to work with others. There is of course always the issue of party leaders and "empire building" but I think the primary issue that keeps similar third parties apart is their insistence on staying true to their ideology. There seems to be a mindset among many third parties that it is better to never win an election then to ever compromise a position. Considering that the art of politics is compromise, I don't see how they could ever win, and if they managed to, I don't think they would be able to accomplish anything once they were in place.
IMHO, so long as third parties remain scores of small groups that will not work together, they will never be able to gather enough support for any candidate on the federal level.
This leaves them with the spoiler role. Which can be a very important role, though it usually gets them the candidate they connected with the least.