Is there any sound evidence that President Bush intentionally misled the American public, to go to war in Iraq? There might be, but I doubt it will ever come to light. Actually, I doubt anything like the Pentagon Papers will come out that damns the administration for intentionally misleading the American public. These people are too slick for that.
What the buildup for war in Iraq amounted to was a shotgun marketing campaign with the threat to the US from WMD originating from Iraq as the central blast of double-ought shot. Marketing types have no conscious about telling the truth. It is all persuasion to buy an idea, like protect your spouse and children with life insurance. Ancillary benefits become part of the argument, where life insurance does other things like build up net wealth. With Iraq the argument started with WMD (protect the homeland), went to get Saddam (evil guy), then shining example of democracy in the ME (future benefits), and a few others (Iraqis want this, we'll be liberators, it'll pay for itself).
Some bought it, some did not. In the end, there's buyer's remorse in that the actual results don't match the marketing arguments. The price is too high and the benefits too low. In the case of President Bush, he was probably sincere in his beliefs that WMD were about to come to this country. However, I also see the cynical use of the public fear that another 9/11 would happen to win the 2004 election. Since that time, I don't think President Bush has any belief that has survived the initial marketing plan.
It's like the insurance salesman coming back to sell more bogus policies. The effort won't work due to the client having been burned once before.
Is there a correlation between the Gulf of Tonkin Affair, and the lack of WMD in Iraq ? Very slim. The Gulf of Tonkin Affair was used to demonstrate communist aggression in Southeast Asia. The greater correlation is with the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, and this was used as an argument too, along with Saddam's gassing of his own people. This goes to getting rid of Saddam, the evil guy who could send WMD our way.
No, Vietnam had no WMD-like correlation. The closest those arguments got to it was the domino effect of losing the entire Southeast Asian area to communism if Vietnam fell. Saigon surrendered on April 30, 1975
Source Link and President Nixon resigned on August 8, 1974
Source Link. Troop withdrawals began in 1973
Source Link, so the statement that
In 1975 when Richard Nixon withdrew the United States from the Vietnam War is inaccurate. Ford was president at the time, and withdrawal had started years before.
Iraq isn't exactly like Vietnam. We have discovered new mistakes to make, the body counts of US troops aren't nearly as high, the deceptions are more transparent, and although the press isn't publishing disturbing photos, it is watching the politicians with hawk eyes. All of the arguments leading up to the war and in support of continuing the war are in the public record. The marketing pitches are there to see for all who care to look, as are the results of buying the policy.