Interesting results, though they mirror what I was seeing as the slant of this forum. Now I shall attempt at answering my own questions...
Does the ongoing struggle between democracy and Islam constitute the latest struggle in an ongoing global war?Yes I certainly think so, but I also think 'war' is too small a word and 'campaign', or even 'crusade' don't justify themselves either. I reach this reasoning not by the amount of wars there have been between the two sides, but rather the lack of any mutual peace, for even as the gods of war slumber, colonialisation, exploitation and domination continued to run rampage in the Mediterranean region and antagonism was always present. There has never, as far as I can see, been any time since the death of Mohammed, when a peaceful co-existence held both sides in mutual regard. One side has always pressed an advantage over the other and these have led to countless battles, wars and invasions. Nor has one side always enjoyed the advantage. At the beginning of Islam, the whole region around where Israel now stands was a Christian world and the most powerful nation in that Christian world was on the Anatolian peninsula;
Constantinople fell to Islam five hundred and fifty three years ago when it was finally conquered in war by the Turks, thus ending two thousand of years of Anatolian Greek culture.
This might not mean much to any one reading this today. Five hundred and fifty three years might seem a long time when compared to, say, the history of the USA... but if you look at the recent history of Turkey, that is to say, the history within human memory, then you will see that the Turks did not stop their attacks against the Greeks. In 1974 Turkey
invaded Cyprus and tried to annex it. The island is now divided into two halves and sits as a serious stumbling block for Turkeys desired membership into the EU. The relationship between Greece and Turkey also remains strained and both sides periodically probe the other with small military provocations.
It would be wrong to see Turkey's
troubled relationship with Greece, by itself, as evidence of a great conflict between the east and west. Instead it should be viewed as one small facet of a far larger and darker conflict. At the same time many other wars took place during the last five centuries to have an immediate impact on the current Euro-Muslim situation, the most serious of the later being the break up of Yugoslavia. This conflict had a great many causes, but chief among them was a Serbian resistance to a perceived Islamic threat, the root cause of which was the Ottoman Turkish invasion of the Balkans which started all the way back in 1389 with the
Battle of Kosovo between the Serbs and the Turks.
Any question as to why the Serbs might regard Islam as a threat can be seen in the population demographics of the region:
QUOTE(Wikipedia)
The region's principal nationalities include Turks (12.3 million, 11 million of them inhabiting Turkish Thrace), Greeks (10.5 million, with about 10 million of them being in Greece), Serbs (8.5 million), Bulgarians (7.5 million), Albanians (6 million, with about 3.3 millions of them being in Albania), Croats (4.5 million), Bosniaks (2.4 million), Macedonians (1.4 million) and Montenegrins (0.265 million). If Romania and Slovenia are included, then also Romanians (26 million) and Slovenians (2 million). Practically all Balkan countries have a smaller or larger Roma (Gypsy) minority. Other much smaller stateless minorities include the Gagauz, the Gorani, and the Vlachs.
Eastern Orthodoxy is the principal religion in the following countries:Bulgaria, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania & Serbia.
Roman Catholicism is the principal religion in the following countries: Croatia & Slovenia.
Islam is the principal religion in the following countries: Albania and Turkey The following countries have many religious groups which exceed 10% of the total population:
Albania: Islam, Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism.
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Bosniaks are mostly Muslim, Serbs are mostly Serbian (Eastern) Orthodox and Croats are mostly Catholic.
Bulgaria: Eastern Orthodoxy, Islam.
Republic of Macedonia: Macedonians are mostly Eastern Orthodox, Albanian population is mostly Muslim.
Montenegro: Montenegrins and Serbs are Eastern Orthodox, Albanians and Bosniaks are Muslim.
Serbia: Serbs are Eastern Orthodox, Albanians and Bosniaks are Muslim.
Link. The only reason why Islam exists in the Balkans at all is the same reason as to why it exists in the former Christian regions of the Middle East. Never ending warfare.
Turkey has long tried to push its way into Europe and those territories it managed to capture were subjected to forced conversion. Young boys were taken from their families to be raised in special military boarding schools and indoctrinated into becoming Turkeys most feared fighting troops, the Jannisaries. The end product of this are the Bosnian's and Albanian's who were once a feared resistance to Islamic invasion but who were ultimately defeated and their children converted.
In 1526, the Kingdom of Hungary fell to the Ottomans at the
Battle of Mohács and from 1423 to 1503 the Ottomans waged war against Venice (then a serious maritime power) for control of the Aegean Sea.
As I said before, no one side enjoyed unlimited success though and during this period, the Muslims faced their most famous enemy,
Vlad III, also known as 'The Impaler', or 'Dracula'. After a long and bloody career, Dracula liberated Bosnia and Wallachia from Ottoman control, but was himself killed in battle.
In 1475, the Ottomans suffered their greatest ever defeat at the
Battle of Vaslui in Moldavia but, though it was the greatest ever victory of Christendom against Islam, this bloody rout was a mere bump in the road and the wars continued with unabated intent.
In 1522 the Ottoman Turks invaded the island of Rhodes. The Knights of Rhodes were banished to Malta, which was in turn attacked by the Turks, though unsuccessfully in 1565.
In 1529, Suleiman the Magnificent mounted the first major Turkish attack against the Austrian Habsburgs laying
seige to Vienna and attempting to run mines under the city's walls. The seige ended dismally though and the Turks withdrew as the snow set in. The seige became known in history books as the event which halted the Turkish advance into Europe.
The
Battle of Lepanto has often been described in the same light. In 1571 the Ottoman Turkish fleet faced the combined forces of the Christian Holy League. At this time the Turks had a vast empire that dominated the Mediterranean region an which relied don the extension of naval power. Lepanto was the battle that ended Turkeys naval superiority, but not Turkeys ambitions against Europe and in the mean while the Turks had retaken much of the territory they had lost in the Balkans.
From 1672 to 1676, the Turkish people known as the Tartars unsuccessfully attacked Poland.
Jan Sobieski, becomes king of Poland.
In 1683 the Turks were back to dig tunnels and lay siege to Vienna once again. A two month stalemate ended with the
Battle of Vienna and the crowning glory of Jan Sobieski when the European powers defeated the Turks. This was the last time the Ottomans were to lay seige to Vienna (though the Turks continued their war in Europe for another 16 years).
An interesting side note to the second seige of Vienna comes from the immediate aftermath. Once the Turks had withdrawn from the field the Viennese discovered bags of coffee left in the Turkish camp. This trove of beans led the way to the introduction of coffee as a popular beverage into Europe. Today, in the UK, multiculturalists
celebrate the inventions and discoveries brought to Europe by Islam, as if these things were gifts and not the detritus left behind by five centuries of invasion and attack.
In 1686 the Christians liberated Hungary.
Whilst all this was going on in the Balkans and cental Europe, the Russians were busy fighting their own wars with the Turks and these continued after the defeat of the Battle of Vienna, all through the 1600 and 1700's until they reached the Sixth
Russo-Turkish War from 1806 to 1812 (the same time as the Napoleonic wars). When the Turks saw Russia defeated at the
Battle of Austerlitz they immediately launched themselves into a new war with Russia. They lost this war as well, losing some of their Moldavian territories as a result.
The end result of the Turkish invasions of Europe, that is to say the aftermath we have today, is the Bosnian genocide, the Cyprus stand off and the massacre of school children at Beslan. Every where the Turks invaded, they brought Islam with them and no matter how many decades or centuries past, those regions continue, to this day to be volatile hot-spots where the religious and cultural differences continue to fuel misery and suffering.
It would be a serious mistake to look upon all these dates as isolated incidents for they were not. The ongoing conflict between Europe and the Turks was precisely that,
ongoing. It was punctuated by cease fire agreements, diplomacy and bouts of peace but these only lasted for as long as it took for the Turks to re-arm, or to breed up a new generation of troops, for as
Amlord points out, the pressure of a fast growing population was always a major ingredient to Turkish expansion. Nor did the fighting end simply because there was a peace deal. If the Turks were quiet in central Europe, their forces were nearly always engaged in warfare in the east or the Mediterranean. Through out the entire period of Ottoman supremacy, Muslim forces, known as 'the Barbary Pirates' operated freely from Tunis, Tripoli, Algiers, Salè and ports in Morocco. These forces kept up raids against European shipping and coastal regions from the time of the first Crusade in 1099 until after the end of the Napoleonic wars in 1816 when the Royal Navy Destroyed the Port of Algiers.
Between those two dates, the Muslims kept up constant raiding, pillaging and slavery across the entire southern coast line of Europe and up into the North Atlantic for as far as Iceland where to this day Mothers tell their children to go to sleep or else 'The Turk' will get them.
These Muslim raiders even impacted the fledgling USA since the Barbary Pirates raided US commercial shipping as a matter of course and the US congress was forced to pay the tribute Islamic law lays down as a custom for
dhimmi's (non Muslims) in order to prevent attacks. This tribute had no real effect though and so the USA was obliged to build its first warships to defend its commercial interests (and thus began the long tale which ends with us here today). Thus the US Navy owes its existence to Islamic aggression. What a poetic irony.
Does Islam pose a serious threat to democracy?Amlord gave us the key to understanding this question I believe. Yes it does. The pressure of its ever expanding population means the islamic world cannot contain its own population and needs to spread that population in order to make way for the next wave of babies. It was this factor alone that allowed the Ottomans to carry on their five hundred year war against Europe without ever once facing a similar threat in return.
A good example of the population imbalance can be seen in Egypt. One hundred years ago Denmark and Egypt had the same population size. Roughly 5 million people. In both nations there was a basic agricultural foundation which allowed this population to exist in balance. However, over the course of the last century, the Egyptian population has grown to approx. 80 million people. In Denmark, the population is about 5½ million.
In Europe, in general, the population numbers amongst Europeans, is fairly stable. After the Second World War there was a sharp rise in fertility rates as is common after wars but since then the statistics show equilibrium is being maintained.
In the Muslim world though, and I include the Muslim of Europe in that description, the figures do not show equilibrium, nor anything that resembles it, but unchecked growth.
As you can see by following
this link, the highest scoring nation on the European mainland, is also that nation which has the highest proportion of Muslim citizens: France. And as far as I can see, there is not one single Muslim nation on the list below France.
India, is a democracy also and it has a very high fertility rate, and if the question still remains, does Islam pose a serious threat to democracy? then the answer could be no, if India remains a democracy... but this means nothing to European democracy which faces replacement by
sharia law within a few more generations.. and if the environment doesn't kill us all first.
Any one who has read my posts in the last few months doesn't need reminding once again about the spread of Islam into Europe's main city's and the depressing statistics which show how many Muslims in Europe actually admit to wanting
sharia law. I think I have made that point abundantly clear enough.
Suffice to say that the Muslim influx into Europe is real, fuelled by the extreme fertility rates of Africa and the Middle east and allowed to happen by the EU leadership for domestic political reasons. European nations, with their massive social services systems are now straining under the burden of paying for millions of immigrants who cannot, or will not, find work.
At the same time the ongoing conflict in Lebanon has shown us just how many of these people have moved back to their own countries once they have received the piece of paper which changes them into Europeans, and thus entitled to benefits paid for by the European tax payers. Denmark alone has witnessed 10,000+ people holding Danish citizenship and fleeing from Lebanon. Naturally the question has been raised (and smacked down) in the Danish parliament as to who these people are? Many of them were granted citizenship in Denmark after they fled persecution in Lebanon, and now here they are, living in Lebanon again. The same has happened in every western single European nation with each state mobilising vast resources to get these people out of harms way.
But why are these people regarded as Europeans when they don't live in Europe and have no connection to Europe except as a safe haven in times of trouble? More to the point, many of these people chose to live in South Lebanon, which is a stronghold of Hezbollah. Just what is going on here?
Europe is full of Muslims and they are growing in number at a rate, four times faster than ethnic Europeans (who are decreasing in number). There is no mechanism for slowing down or speeding up fertility rates, though in the past Chirac and Mitterand have both made plea's to the French to have more babies, and what we're facing is a Muslim dominated Europe within the next two generations.
Islam has no leaders as such, but it does have a form of consensus on key issues and it does have powerful organizations which work towards the spread of Islamic influence. Foremost amongst these, and possibly the greatest threat of all, is the Muslim Brotherhood.
QUOTE(Wikipedia)
The Muslim Brotherhood advocates the creation of Islamic government, believing that God has set out a perfect way of life and social organization in the Quran (as seen in the slogan, "The Quran is our constitution"). It expresses its interpretation of Islam through a strict conservative approach to social issues such as the role of women, but also believes that Islam enjoins man to strive for social justice, the eradication of poverty and corruption, and political freedoms as defined by the Islamic state. It is strongly hostile to colonialism, and was an important actor in the struggle against Western domination in Egypt and other Muslim countries during the early 20th century. Their goal as stated by founder Hassan al-Banna was the “doctrine of reclaiming Islam’s manifest destiny; an empire, founded in the seventh century, that stretched from Spain to Indonesia.”
The Brotherhood is one of the most influential political and religious forces in the Islamic world, and especially so in the Arab world. The first Muslim Brotherhood was founded in Egypt in 1928, and Egypt is still considered the center of the movement; it is generally weaker in the Maghreb, or North Africa, than in the Arab Levant. Brotherhood branches form the main opposition to the governments in several countries in the Arab world, such as Egypt, Syria and Jordan, and are politically active to some extent in nearly every Muslim country. There are also diaspora branches in several Western nations, composed by immigrants previously active in the Brotherhood in their home countries.
Link.If you read about the Muslim Brotherhood, you will soon discover that it is described as bing created to counter colonialism. In its own way then the Muslim Brotherhood is like the US Navy. Founded in retaliation for aggression...
Does democracy pose a serious threat to Islam?This is the hardest question to answer I think because it can go both ways. In its purest form democracy is not a threat to religious belief's, but in truth, democracy is not pure and the Muslims know this from the experience of being subjected to the political whims of the democratic nations and the military consequences of those whims, for the last hundred years or so.
Whats more, its fairly obvious that a portion of the Islamic world certainly see's democracy as a threat. Muslim oganisations, most regarded by the European establishments as being 'moderates', make no secret of their desire to replace European democracy with Islam, nor their intention to do so once they reached the numbers they need to replace the system from within.
In this, I wonder why we refer to such people as 'moderates' at all. What is a moderate democrat by comparison to a moderate Muslim?
Finally, I'd just like to add today's tit bit from Ayman al-Zawahri.
QUOTE(AP)
"It is a jihad (holy war) for the sake of God and will last until (our) religion prevails ... from Spain to Iraq," al-Zawahri said. "We will attack everywhere." Spain was controlled by Arab Muslims for more than seven centuries until they were driven from power in 1492.
He said Arab regimes were accomplices to Israel. "My fellow Muslims, it is obvious that Arab and Islamic governments are not only impotent but also complicit ... and you are alone on the battlefield. Rely on God and fight your enemies ... make yourselves martyrs."
He also called for the "downtrodden" throughout the world, not just Muslims, to join the battle against "tyrannical Western civilization and its leader, America."
Link. Note how al-Zawahri uses the same claim on Spain as the Muslim Brotherhood does... its a significant detail and one that explains the real reason why Israel is so hated. Once Islam has been imposed on a place then the Muslims can never relinquish it for if they do, then they believe they have defied their god.
Such a belief cannot be reconciled with democracy and as such it will always regard democracy as a threat.
We might not think our democracy is a threat to Islam, but the truth is, Islam, in various guises, attacked and invaded Europe for centuries and it wasn't really until the advent of European industrial might that the Europeans began to win, and it wasn't until the rise of democracy and the end of colonialism that the Muslim world really began to fight back again. Whether we like it or not, and regardless of what we say, devout Muslims consider democracy to be a direct threat.