Let's start with the last question first, since it's an easy one. There is no justification for the term "Canine-Americans." That's just silly.
As to the question of animal rights in general, I can only offer my own personal basis for ethics. It is not meant as a general guideline for anyone else, but it works for me.
Axiom:
Suffering is an evil.Corollary:
The degree to which an entity has rights is directly proportional to the degree to which that entity is capable of suffering.Thus, only animals (including human beings) have any degree of rights. There is no evidence that plants can experience suffering, for example. If artificial intelligence is ever developed, and if it is capable of experiencing suffering, it will have rights.
Using this rule, I have come to the conclusion that a newly fertilized egg (of any species), before the development of any kind of nervous system, cannot have rights; that persons in a permanent vegetative state who have no consciousness at all, and no hope of recovery, cannot have rights; and so on.
More relevant to this debate is my conclusion that human beings have more rights than other primates; that primates (and possibly cetaceans) have more rights than other mammals; that mammals have more rights than other vertebrates; that vertebrates have more rights than invertebrates; and so on. The key factor is the complexity of the nervous system, which determines the degree of consciousness, which in turn determines the ability to suffer.
Even if we accept this premise, however, it is difficult to decide where to draw the line when it comes to specific rights for specific animals. Is it OK to kill animals for fun? For fur? For food? There are many possible answers to these questions. I make no attempt to dictate my own conclusions to anybody else. For the record, after many years of doubt, I have decided to do what little I can to avoid directly benefiting from the death and suffering of animals. No doubt I am in violation of my own principles in many ways.
As to the specific issue of medical experimentation on animals, I think we can agree with these basic guidelines, issued by an organization which defends the use of animals in scientific research.
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Allow animal experiments only when there is no alternative
Keep the animals' suffering to as little as possible
Use the smallest number of animals possible
Monitor what takes place by someone independent
With this in mind, I believe that the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine has issued a reasonable statement regarding the goal of reducing animal experimentation to the absolute minimum.
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The replacement of animal methods with non-animal techniques often yields both ethical and technical advantages. In some areas, such as medical education, the shift to non-animal methods has been rapid. Pharmaceutical manufacturers have incorporated non-animal methods in several early steps in the drug development process. In other areas, technical or regulatory barriers present continuing challenges.
Here is a much more detailed position paper from the PCRM.
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. . . the most appropriate course of action is neither to assume that nonanimal methods will be easily produced nor to be resigned to the continued use of animals. Rather, it is incumbent on investigators and research-supporting institutions to make the replacement of animals a priority.
. . .
It is helpful to recognize that, generally speaking, implementing nonanimal methods is neither a simple matter nor a theoretical impossibility.
. . .
The process of replacing animals in research, testing, and education is supported by studies showing that routine laboratory procedures and typical laboratory environments are more stressful for animals than is commonly appreciated. Nonetheless, the challenges of replacing animals are often considerable, raising major scientific, economic, and regulatory issues.
The exploration and implementation of nonanimal methods should be a priority for investigators and research institutions and should take advantage of a wide variety of viewpoints to ensure progress toward scientific, human health, and animal protection goals.