I believe the two topic questions proceed from the implied question:
0. Is what the Imus Four said racist?I'd like to try to analyze what Imus and company said, exactly why each item is or isn't racist.
QUOTE
"That's some rough girls from Rutgers. Man, they got tattoos," he [Imus] said.
Not quite racist yet. Descriptive, superficial, and perhaps prejudicial, but so far, not racist. In context with future comments, however, it seems to me like there is unstated racist intent even this early in the dialog-- but by itself, this much isn't demostrably racist yet.
QUOTE
Bernard McGuirk, his producer: "Some hardcore hos."
Extreme sexism, but not yet racist. "Hardcore" by itself can simply mean intensely dedicated when applied to athletes, but combined with the sexual term "ho", it implies elicit sexual behavior that no one can know by looking at basketball players-- it's outright prejudice. Some might consider the term "ho" to be inherently racist, but I believe it is too frequently used apart from any racial overtones to be considered inherently racist anymore, if it ever was. Again, though, in light of what he's about to say, McJerk is building up to remove all doubt about his racist intent...
QUOTE
Imus: That's some nappy-headed hos there. I'm gonna tell you that now, man, that's some - woo. And the girls from Tennessee, they all look cute, you know, so, like - kinda like - I don't know.
Sexism. Racism. I'll dissect it for those who might disagree.
A "nappy", short form of "napkin", is a diaper-- in some regions, you'll hear either nappy or diaper to the exclusion of the other. When used to describe a real diaper, "nappy" is not racist in the least. The apparently unrelated definition of "nappy-haired" describes
natural tightly-curled hair. "Nappy" in reference to the hairstyle is not listed in Wikipedia, or many other sources, as an inherently derrogatory term; however, it is being used here to identify people of a particular race or heritage. If the IgnoreImus had simply said "the Rutgers team is wearing their hair naturally, and the Tennessee team is not," he'd have effectively described the contrast between how the teams look, if he really thought it was important (which I doubt). By attaching "nappy-headed" to "ho", an equivalent phrase would be "Afro-headed prostitute", which I doubt anyone would deny is both racist and sexist in this context.
QUOTE
McGuirk: A Spike Lee thing.
Imus: Yeah.
McGuirk: The Jigaboos vs. the Wannabes - that movie that he had.
Imus: Yeah, it was a tough -
Charles McCord, a co-host: Do The Right Thing.
McGuirk: Yeah, yeah, yeah.
Here, McGerk recognizes the phrase from a Spike Lee movie, and invokes another phrase from the movie that is also the title of a track on its soundtrack, "The Jigaboos vs. the Wannabes". I remembered both phrases being invoked in
School Daze; that's probably the one McGerk recalled, too, even though he agrees here with McCord's mis-identification of
Do The Right Thing.
The (highly unreliable)
Urban Dictionary defines jiggaboo as:
QUOTE
a really dark skinned black person with strong negroid features (ie. big lips, wide nose, nappy hair)
1. in the spike lee movie "school daze" the light skinned sorority sisters refer to the darker sisters of a different sorority as ugly "jiggaboos"
2. this is taken from an alpha kappa alpha sorority chant:
" Zeta Phi Beat
As weak as a flea
Belong in a zoo
Uh, those jiggaboos "
The film used such terminology to address the issue of
colorism on campus, in a way that can be easily extrapolated to address broader issues of racism and prejudice in mixed-race communities. When I saw the movie a couple of decades ago, it struck me as a particularly powerful "literary" device, and a quintessential use of symbolism for addressing two issues at once. I could also understand how looking only at the surface of the movie without thinking it though could definitely send an opposite message to those inclined to believe stereotypes. From a 2005
ABC News feature on colorism:
QUOTE
While many blacks do not discriminate against each other by color this attitude is not unique. The fact that blacks often treat other blacks differently, based on the shade of their skin, is an open secret in the black community.
(snip)
Yet Spike Lee was criticized for being so honest about colorism in his 1987 movie, "School Daze." In the film, light-skinned and dark-skinned girls faced off and called each other names like "tar baby," "Barbie doll," "wannabe white" and "jigaboo."
Some have claimed that if the Imus Four dialog had been spoken by black men, perhaps Spike Lee himself, there would have been no controversy. We need look no further than Lee's own experience to prove that notion completely false. From the
Wikipedia School Daze entry:
QUOTE
Spike Lee was asked to stop production on the campuses of Morehouse, Spelman, and Clark Atlanta University during filming because the colleges' Boards of Directors had concerns on how Historically Black Colleges were being portrayed in the film. Lee had to finish filming at the neighboring Morris Brown College.
So, Imus and McGerk are definitely not being singled out just because they're white for using terms like "nappy-haired ho", "Jiggaboo", and "Wannabe". They were callously throwing around racist, colorist, sexist terminology in the course of casual conversation; as
CR has emphasized, it wasn't even done in the context of cathartic humor, which would still be a little too edgy for my taste.
QUOTE
Imus: I don't know if I'd have wanted to beat Rutgers or not, but they did, right?
Not necessarily racist by itself, but extrapolating from what they've already said, this statement implies that there might be "street retribution" (gang violence) against Tennessee for defeating Rutgers on the court, based on nothing more than their physical appearance, which they have previously described in racist terms. In this context, that connection of race to gang violence is definitely a racist stereotype.
QUOTE
Rosenberg (a guest commentator): It was a tough watch. The more I look at Rutgers, they look exactly like the Toronto Raptors.
Imus: Well, I guess, yeah.
Normally, comparing the athletic style of a college team to that of pro team is a compliment; but in this context, comparison of the physical appearance of a women's team to that of a men's team tends to imply the intent to demean. Although it might not have inherent racist or sexist overtones, in the context of this dialog, it's highly questionable whether Rosenberg meant anything complimentary by his comment.
So, I believe all four men were engaging in racist dialog. It's a free country, where they're allowed to be as sexist and racist as they want to be so long as they're not physically violent about it. However, their employers and sponsors are also free to decide they'd rather not be tarnished by this kind of sexism and racism, and react by firing or suspending the Imus Four.
I never listen to Imus anyway, so it would do no good for me to join in the "Ignore Imus" movement among his former fans, but I think dropping the show from MSNBC and any radio stations syndicating it would be justified. Lists of sponsors for a boycott and NBC exects to write are
emerging here:
QUOTE
- What follows is a partial list of sponsors of the "Imus In the Morning" program. Express your displeasure: Boycott these products and service providers.
- All Imus Ranch products. (Write a check to a similar charity instead.)
- Auto Body Express.com
- Fred's Southwest Salsa.
- Joseph Abboud Sportswear.
- Mohegan Sun Casino.
- Vermont Teddy Bears.
- WFAN Radio.
UPDATED (Sunday): A commenter suggests writing directly to Jeff Zucker, President and CEO of NBC Universal. Works for me. Address to follow.
(snip)
Jeffrey A. Zucker, President
NBC Universal Television Group
30 Rockefeller Plaza
New York, NY 10112
Jeffrey A. Zucker, President
National Broadcasting Company
3000 W. Alameda Ave.
Burbank, CA 91523-0002
California phone: (818) 840-3537 or (818) 840-4444
NY Phone: (212) 258-8700
From that list, looks like Imus is already struggling for sponsors.