1) What are your impressions of the news that car bombs were found on London's streets?Well, one is that, in comparing the number of successfully-foiled plots versus death tolls (e.g. the July 7 bombings in London a few years ago to the Madrid bombings and 9-11), while there might be more of them, Muslim terrorists active in Britain are more incompetent than those active in Spain, Bali and the USA. That, or (or rather and) British police and security services' long years of practice on Irish republican terrorism mean that they are much better at foiling such plots.
2) Why do you think it appears that London has become a bigger target for groups like Al Qaeda than the United States?It isn't just London - Glasgow was the other target this weekend.
There are a number of factors as to why Britain has become a bigger target - some of which
moif has pointed to repeatedly, both here and in his
Londonistan thread (sorry I haven't got around to posting there,
moif).
First off, radicalism-in-exile has always found a home here, especially in London. Not just in Islam - Karl Marx wrote
Das Kapital while living here, based in part on his observations of the British class system (one reason I think communism was always doomed - the only place it ever stood a chance of working was in Britain, and we never really went for it); Ezra Pound came here; many of the blacklisted "communists" of the McCarthy era found safe haven in the UK; going back further, the Hugenots that were hounded out of Europe mostly came to the British Isles; and so on.
But radical Islam did find a haven too, when regimes such as Baathist Iraq, Shah-led Iran, Kurd-bombing Turkey and the like were not freindly places for such voices. The attitude of successive British governments was that the Islamic world benefited from such pluralism. No doubt there was some post-colonial guilt over the general mess the British made in their stewardship of the former Ottoman Empire. And no doubt, also, that some underlying establishment anti-Semitism found having people saying some quite eye-watering things about Israel and the Jews from London was more tolerable than it really ought to have been (the Jews are about the only persecuted minority who have historically been as unsafe from persecution here as anywhere else - until after WW2, at any rate).
Like many other aspects of foreign & domestic policy the world over, this may have seemed like a good idea at the time - when militant Islam's greatest fight was against the communist Soviet army in Afghanistan, or against the Ottoman Empire in World War 1 (Lawrence of Arabia, anyone? Those tribesmen he organised were Wahabi Muslims - who are now traceable to pretty much every incident of Muslim terrorism but who are "officially" our friends because they are in power in Saudi Arabia and we need their oil.), but has turned out to be a problem in it's own right.
But a few radical imams on their own could not have caused such problems as Britain now faces - during the same post-war period, and especially during the 1960s and 1970s, there was a large influx of Pakistanis and Bangladeshis into the UK, both countries being former colonies. Unlike similar migrations from the same areas into the USA, these people were not drawn from the educated middle classes and joining to become doctors, lawyers or engineers. Instead, most of the influx was drawn from semi-literate or illiterate working class Pakistanis, who were coming to the UK to work at low levels as bus drivers, cleaners, and especially in heavy industry and textile mills in the Midlands and the North. They were not, at that time, "benefit tourists"; they were coming to do a job of work that the native British could not do, or would not for the wages that were on offer.
That first generation was mostly on the receiving end of (racially motivated) trouble, rather than being the cause of any - they were almost all in work, with the sense of purpose that comes from voluntarily making a new start in a new country. Ghettoisation took place almost immediately, as it has always done with new immigrant groups, and the lack of integration that happened - reinforced by native racism and the cultural isolationism of working class Pakistani Muslim culture (the "working class" and "Pakistani" aspects being at least as important as the "Muslim" one) - didn't immediately matter, since there was a strong bond within the community, and there was lots of work available which minimised the need to access state resources - it lessened the perception among natives that these migrants were a burden. (Though it didn't remove it.)
Being in work also lessened the resentment of the natives. Until, that is, the heavy industries started to close up shop and unemployment rose. This had two effects among the native British - resentment against immigrants IN work that "they" had stolen "our" jobs, and resentment towards those out of work that "they" were "scrounging" "our" benefits.
And on the immigrants, it demoralised them and fractured their communities (the same way mass unemployment does among any population), producing a generation of young men that felt alienated and unwanted, and who - because of beliefs and prejudice in their own community AND in the wider white community* - also felt unable to to what their white counterparts did and either move somewhere else to find work or retreat into a nihilistic fug of drinking, doping and the dole.
This fracturing of community - they felt they had little in common with their parents' generation and little in common with the wider nation - is pretty much common to all immigrant communities. But, with the radical Muslims already in country, and with an oil-rich, proselytising Muslim sect enriched by Westen oil money willing to spend money on radicalising home-grown and foreign-born
imams - a generation of already-disaffected people was open to be turned to the Dark Side represented by al-Qaeda, the Muslim Brotherhood, al-Mujihiroon, etc.
None of this has happened in the USA because the history and pattern of Muslim immigration there has been very different.
That's all just a long-winded way of saying I think that Britain's Muslim "problem" is not really a direct result of any direct policy (not the "celebration of diversity" type of multiculturalism adopted by Labour in their first two terms, and now more or less abondoned at the national level), but more the unintended consequence of a whole host of smaller decisions.
*
moif[/b[ is technically correct that Islam is not a racially-based religion. But, in the UK at least, the number of white adherents is vanishingly small; the vast bulk are from the Indian subcontinent (Pakistan, Bangladesh and India itself), with smaller groups from Africa (Sudanese & Somali in particular) and Europe/Central Asia (mainly Turkish Cypriot, with smaller Turkish, Persian, Arab and Afghan populations - mostly in London). Outside London, we're mainly talking about Pakistanis/Bangladeshis.
[b]3) Do the actions of law enforcement in this case and others make you more inclined to view this (terrorism) as a police action rather than a military one?Yes. I've always thought terrorism is best dealt with as an act of criminality than an act of war. As with most crimes, the best way to deal with them is not only to detect (not usually a problem with terrorism - you know when someone's been bombed), prosecute and convict, but also to take away the reasons people feel the need to resort to terrorism.
Here I disagree with
moif - Islam isn't the
reason that disaffected young men who feel isolation from and hatred towards the Western societies go out and bomb them. It's the
excuse they give for the method of venting their frustration that they
choose to use (and it's why the movers and shakers of terrorism find it so easy to recruit them).
And yes, the Quran contains exhortations to kill enemies, and too many
imams bang on about these passages. But those facts don't represent the entirety of Islam as a force for ill any more than similar exhortations to violence and bloodshed in the Bible do. Most Muslims choose to ignore them in practice, and apply the bits that they feel the most sympathy for anyway.
Just as a Bible thumper who rails about the abomination of homosexuality then goes home to tuck into a bowl of shrimp gumbo or clam chowder or what-have-you applies the homophobic bit that fits his or her prejudices, while ignoring the Biblical fact that eating shellfish is described as similarly abominable in the same chapter of Leviticus. (I'm not scholar of the Bible, so please take the general thrust rather than getting fixated on my lack of precision on this matter.)
Most Muslims don't ever kill anyone. Even those who say that they support those that do never get around to doing it themselves. Personally, I worry a great deal more about what people DO than what they say they agree with in response to an opinion poll. And even here, context is everything. I don't believe for a second that Western Muslims who express a preference for adopting some or all of
sharia law in the West are thinking about chopping off heads or hands when they are expressing it (though some of them might be). I bet they ARE thinking about drunken Brits vomiting in the streets they live in, or the use of sexuality to sell things that have nothing to do with sex, or the women walking past wearing very little, or the reality television programmes that seem expressly designed to entice people to have sex on live TV. (Don't get me wrong - I have no objection to nudity and sexuality, but I can see how people might object to their ubiquity. I do, however, object to
Big Brother because it elevates idleness and stupidity as things to aspire to, but mainly because it stops Channel 4 airing the final season of
The Sopranos until September.)
The root cause of this rash of Muslim disaffection is the same as the things that isolate them and make them feel that hatred - unemployment, lack of education, cultural isolation (and some out-and-out cultural backwardness - the twisted sense of family honour that causes fathers to kill their daughters*), and - yes - racism (in both directions, mind you).
* in a perverse way, increases in "honour killings" (or "premeditated murder", as I like to call them) are a sign of increasing integration - Asian women who tow the cultural line are not at risk, are they? And it is an Asian - specifically, South Asian - phenomenon - Sikhs and Hindus do it too from time to time. African Muslims very rarely do it, to my knowledge. Similarly "female circumcision" (or genital mutilation) is almost exclusively African, but not exclusively Muslim.
Terrorism has been largely solved as an issue in Ireland not because the British Army "won" a pitched battle, but because of a process of law enforcement, intelligence gathering and infiltration, AND simpler stuff like removing the prejudicial barriers that prevented the Catholic republican community from getting jobs, taking part in policing, getting their voices heard, living wherever they wanted to, etc. Both the Catholic minorty and the Protestant majority had to face some realities, and change some of their most cherised opinions, and the British, Irish and Northern Irish political establishments had to change their policies. And, of course, it was necessary to get a third party involved in the shape of Bill Clinton - something the hagiographers of Tony Blair seem to have conveniently forgotten (including TB himself).
4) Has the United States been lucky since 9/11 to have no more successful attac