QUOTE(quick @ Jul 16 2007, 09:42 PM)

The USA is the largest debtor nation on earth. We'd have to repudiate all of our debt and never ask for another loan--could be tough sailing, as we have about a $900 billion annual trade deficit. We'd not be able to borrow to fund that deficit any more, so we'd have to forego cheap Chinese toys and auto parts, French wine, Mexican oil, etc., as we would be broke....
I'm glad someone finally noticed the elephant in the isolationists' room - America owes the rest of the world a great deal of money.
Presumably, though, the isolationists would say that's okay, the rest of the world can whistle for their money 'cos nobody would dare come and take it from us.
Which then begs the question - in an economy driven by debt-funded consumer consumption, what happens to that economy when the flow of lending gets shut off? Does the economy keep growing, or does it crash in flames?
If you work out an answer to that, please let me know, because I live in an economy fuelled by debt-funded consumer consumption as well.
1) How would the rest of the world react?Europe - probably not much difference, at first, though over time continental Europe would have to start ramping up defence spending for themselves, probably to about the levels Britain was at 10-15 years ago (we've let it slip since then ourselves, to the point where we can't make big deployments on our own any more. Sierra Leone was small-scale in the scheme of things, but evidence that even after Iraq, foreign deployments can work if the objectives are right, the planning is done properly and the troops are trained to do what is actually required of them rather than for something else which plays better at home.)
Africa, sub-Saharan at least, wouldn't notice because there isn't a big US presence there; China would keep expanding its interests though. Similar situation for South America, only with less Chinese influence, at least to begin with.
India would probably start projecting more force abroad (and in the next decade or two I think they will anyway, regardless of what the US does) because their economy will expand to the point where they need to start doing so to protect their interests.
Russia (whose economy has boomed off the back of high energy prices) will get more muscular again too. I doubt they will become massively expansionist, though the Baltic Republics - with large ethnic Russian populations but having turned away from Russia (unlike, say, Belarus) - might come under threat. Longer term, I think Russia will join a greatly, expanded EU, which will also start to take in part of North Africa and the Middle East (probably N Africa before the middle East, but eventually they will join too).
Japan will drop some of its pacificism, as memories of WW2 defeat fade, though I don't see them becoming expansionist again any time soon.
South Korea and Taiwan will get very jittery, and could be sites of Chinese/NK agression.
The Middle East? If any region collapses into chaos, it would be here, mainly off the back of withdrawal of aid to Israel and Egypt, which would destabilise the region even further (Israel wouldn't be easilly able to make up the shortfall, and Mubarak would be far less able to contain extremist Islam). That could tip more stable countries, like Saudi or Turkey (more likely the first than the second) into trouble.
The rest of the world will eventually get tired of lending ever more cash to the USA and will start calling in some favours. Not right now, but if the US economy crashes while it still owes lots of money, expect big pressure to be brought to bear. I'm not sure this won't happen anyway, especially if the next administration doesn't start to cut spending AND raise taxes to start paying down the debt, which could trigger a recession by itself if it isn't handled delicately.
2) Would a policy of this sort increase or decrease American security and prosperity over the subsequent 5 years? 10? 25?I think there would be an economic recession based on the rest of the world pulling the credit plug, which would damage prosperity for most Americans while it lasts. It might not be a bad thing in the longer run, though (and certainly there are always some people who do rather well out of recessions anyway).
Security-wise it would be a short-term boost. I'm not sure about the longer term, but I suspect it wouldn't all be gravy, as I can't see the Chinese sitting on their hands while the resources they need to make all the stuff they sell to Americans and Europeans are undermined by instability. If there is a US recession, I can't see them not having an interest in trying to shore up the US economy somehow that's paying for all their big building projects and economic expansion, either. I'm not sure if it would work, or if America would want to accept any help they offered, but played right it MIGHT work and turn a currently commercial relationship into a deeper and more mutually-understanding one.
Again - I'm not sure this wouldn't happen anyway, as the debt-funded economies (the US & UK being at the fore) are on shaky ground without any US isolationism.
The rest of the world would have a recession if the USA has one, though the extent would be different in different places. The UK & China are least well-placed to avoid a deep recession, I think, while the likes of Germany, Japan are best-placed. China, however, has the depth of resources to come out of it relatively quickly, perhaps dragging the USA with it (if you can afford to pay whatever price they charge for their help). The UK does not, so I fear we'd be harder hit even than the USA itself.
4) Who would benefit the most from such a policy?The already very rich, like they always do.
5) Who would be hurt the most by such a policy?The already very poor, like they always do.
6) How does America's involvement and role in the UN play out under this isolationist paradigm?First off, I think American's kid themselves on just how much money they give to fund the UN
as a proportion of GDP - the Japanese pay much more than you do. Also, I think you overestimate how much of your overseas military commitments are under the aegis of the UN - Pakistan has more troops under a blue flag than you do.
But it depends. A bad recession in the USA that doesn't cripple China or Russia might see a reorganisation of the UNSC. Removal of permanent membership of France and Britain in favour of an EU seat is probably overdue. And maybe the veto system itself needs an overhaul. A USA as it is now that turns isolationist would be able to stand up for itself and then some.
An almost bankrupt USA whose military might is tied up fighting food riots in its own cities just
might have to eat humble pie on the international stage to get itself back on its feet. Especially if it has effectively told the rest of the world to go forth and multiply and taken it's toys away because it didn't feel appreciated enough to satisfy it's ego/hubris.
That's the trouble with wishing infectious diseases on others. Sooner or later the nasty little germs will bring you out in sores yourselves.