Laurence J. Kotlikoff is a professor of economics at Boston University and a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. The link is to a paper he did for the Federal Reserve Bank in St. Louis, and he argues that the accrued debt total is actually closer to $66 trillion:
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The Gokhale and Smetters measure of the fiscal gap is a stunning $65.9 trillion! This figure is more than five times U.S. GDP and almost twice the size of national wealth. One way to wrap one’s head around $65.9 trillion is to ask what fiscal adjustments are needed to eliminate this red hole.
The answers are terrifying. One solution is an immediate and permanent doubling of personal and corporate income taxes. Another is an immediate and permanent two-thirds cut in Social Security and Medicare benefits. A third alternative, were it feasible, would be to immediately and permanently cut all federal discretionary spending by 143 percent.
http://research.stlouisfed.org/publication...7/Kotlikoff.pdfIf you read that last paragraph with any understanding, you now begin to realize the magnitude of the problem we are facing. Some of the equations in the early portion of the paper are a little slow-going, but Kotlikoff makes the point well.
It could be solved, as Kotlikoff says, by doubling all personal and corporate income taxes, with no Earned Income Credits, and no deductions. But then we'd liable to be in a deeper hole when companies and people who could afford it, moved out the country.
It could also be solved by slashing promised benefits in Social Security and Medicare by two-thirds (and more likely, three-quarters). But if you think there wouldn't be riots in the streets over that, your are delusional.
And none of these solutions are likely to occur, as politicians like staying alive and in office.
So, without some other kind of drastic reform leaves only one other solution: hyperinflation. The U.S. will have to print more money to escape the financial consequences of its unbridled spending. The only problem with that solution, is that it is even more destructive of the economy.
$4 dollars for a loaf of bread you pay $1 for now. $10 for a pound of hamburger. $100 or more for a tank of gas in your Honda Civic. Think Germany after WWI. And, it's only going to get worse from here:
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There are 77 million baby boomers now ranging from age 41 to age 59. All are hoping to collect tens of thousands of dollars in pension and healthcare benefits from the next generation. These claimants aren’t going away. In three years, the oldest boomers will be eligible for early Social Security benefits. In six years, the boomer vanguard will start collecting Medicare. Our nation has done nothing to prepare for this onslaught of obligation. Instead, it has continued to focus on a completely meaningless fiscal metric—“the” federal deficit—censored and studiously ignored long-term fiscal analyses that are scientifically coherent, and dramatically expanded the benefit levels being explicitly or implicitly promised to the baby boomers.
Countries can and do go bankrupt. The United States, with its $65.9 trillion fiscal gap, seems clearly headed down that path. The country needs to stop shooting itself in the foot. It needs to adopt generational accounting as its standard method of budgeting and fiscal analysis, and it needs to adopt fundamental tax, Social Security, and healthcare reforms that will redeem our children’s future.
Kotlikoff recommends a set of solutions he believes will fix the problem long term, although even he admits that it may be more painful than what we are currently experiencing in the short-term. His solutions come in the form of three basic changes:
1. Eliminate the Federal income tax, and FICA taxes: Replace them with a Federal sales tax at 33%, and lavied on all final retail sales. This he argues, would be enough, if employed with his additional reform measures to cover current Social Security, and healthcare obligations, as well as to pay for all of the government's other obligations.
2. Social Security reform: Eliminating the retirement portion of SS by paying only those retirement benefits accrued at the time of the reform. Current retiriees would receive full benefits, but future retirees would only get benefits based on their covered wages as of the date of the reform. The sales tax would pay the accrued retirement benefits, which would eventiually be reduced to zero.
To replace, SS, he advocates a "Personal Security System". Indiviaual accounts, with a required wage percentage contribution. All PSS accounts would be "private property", meaning congress couldn't get their hands on them, but they would be administered by the current SSA department, who would invest the funds received into a globally indexed market fund.
Because of the required contributions, the Government would guarantee that workers could not lose what they contributed. But if the investments are sound, the accounts could increase for workers dramatically. And since they are now "private accounts", they can be passed onto surviving spouses or children upon the death of the account holder.
3. Healthcare Reform: Replacing not only Medicare and Medicaid payment systems, but a general reformation of private insurance-based healthcare as well, by issuing vouchers each year, based on the previous years total healthcare spending. Someone relatively healthy would receive a smaller voucher than someone, say with a heart condition or cancer. Perhaps, much smaller. bThe vouchers, are then used to pay for insurance for the next calander year, based on the previous years spending.
The insurance companies would take these vouchers in exchange for paying out all related basic healthcare costs - medical care, prescriptions and even long-term care. If the insured person costs the company more than the cost of the insurance, the company eats the difference. However, if the insured costs them less, the company gets to keep the difference.
All Americans would get coverage, and the voucher program would cost the government much less than the current fee-for-service arrangement currently in effect under Medicare/Medicaid. The added benefit, of course, would be that insurance companies and medical facilities would actually have to compete for customers - insurance companies for the vouchers, and hospitals and doctors for the insurance companies. This should add to the savings realized.
I'm not certain that Kotlikoff's solutions are necessarily the only viable one's out there, but he seems to be one of the very few actually talking about the magnitude of the mess we've gotten ourselves into, and looking at realistic ways to get ourselves out of it.