There was a time that it was illegal for a woman to retain her maiden name. In America, that tradition was first challenged in 1855 by
Lucy Stone, because she she valued her own identity. In the 1920s, the
Lucy Stone League was formed to help advance the cause of women and men being allowed to retain or modify their names.
In 1971 in the case of
Forbush vs. Wallace a woman challenged an Alabama law that required her to use her husband's surname on her driver's license and lost the case. Quite a bit of information about other surname related cases can be found in the argument for
Dunn vs. PalermoIn 1979,
The United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women advocates the right for women to choose their family name.
The general consensus after many court battles throughout the 70s and 80s in the United States is that a woman can choose her name, and as long as that option is available, my feeling is that each individual woman should choose, based on her own ideology, whether or not she wants to retain her own name or adopt her husband's name.
As far as my own ideology is concerned, I am indifferent, because I don't embrace the institution of marriage for reasons which I have outlined in the
Marriage "Contract" thread.