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1. Do you think that an earlier announcement could have curtailed Thurmond's career, possibly even changing the face of civil rights and history today?
It might well have curtailed it. But then, to what length would Thurmond's white family have gone to keep it quiet? I don't know his family, but it stands to reason that they would be protective of their boy and his future.
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2. Assuming the announcement would have had some negative impact on Thurmond's career do you think that Williams and her mother did their race a disservice by keeping quiet? This announcement could have removed a racist from office and nullified his political influence on race issues, much of it likely negative, over a multi-decade career.
No, I don't think they did their race a disservice, considering that at the time there was no NAACP or other organization to help them, and they did receive some kind of financial support that they otherwise would not have received.
Again, I'm not sure that Thurmond's family would have made it possible for them to go to the newspapers or whoever they would have told. Even in the sixties, when Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was marching for civil rights, there would have been stiff opposition to printing an expose of an influential white politician with only the word of a black housekeeper. Since the DNA testing has been available, this proves it conclusively.
But at that point, why make trouble for the old man?
They had to make a decision that they could live with. By the time the newspapers and forensic testing made it not only possible but economically feasible, it was too late for it to have much of an impact.
A lot of men in Thurmond's generation believed that there were girls you played around with, and there were girls you took home to meet the family. This boys-will-be-boys attitude was prevalent enough that it might have been laughed away by the most influential, even if his black daughter had attempted to expose him.