I voted OTHER.
Here is my quote from the other thread:
[quote]My argument against gay marriage has nothing to do with religion, it has to do with children. The State's only benefit from marriage is that they produce children. There are many drawbacks to marriage (from the point of view of the state) including court battles over property, loss of productivity due to marriage problems,etc. A stable marriage which produces children produces better children (from society's point of view). Marriages will not all produce children and not all children are the products of marriage, but the State commonly uses laws to "encourage" behavior rather than mandating it. Such encouragement is never universal, either from a cause OR an effect standpoint. My argument is entirely secular (from a legal standpoint), and, I think, a "valid" one. [/quote]
A couple of responses that didn't belong in that other thread:
[quote=perspective]So you are saying that you oppose gay marriage because homosexual couples are incapable of providing a stable family in which children would be raised?
If that is what you're saying, than I disagree that it is a valid, secular point. I'd say it is an unresearched, unsubstantiated claim.
If you are claiming that a stable homosexual home is less likely to raise "better" children (your own term) than an unstable heterosexual home, than I disagree that it is a valid, secular point.
Suzy's claim that there is no valid, secular reason to oppose gay marriage still has not been debated in a sufficient manner. I encourage those who disagree to continue the debate here -Topic: The Argument Against Gay Marriage. [/quote]
[quote=Grendel72]Same sex couples already have children.
Marriage benefits are not denied to infertile heterosexual couples, nor to those who choose not to have children, nor does marriage end at menopause...
I find this position frankly infuriating, it is quite plainly a justification after the fact and in your zeal to persecute homosexuals you insult heterosexuals who are unable to conceive. [/quote]
If we take a step back, we can ask ourselves: why does the state have marriage
at all? What is the benefit to society? After all, there is no legal acknowledgement of Boy Scout Troops, Soccer teams, bridge clubs or any other "private" organizations, be they between 2 people of 2 million people. Why would marriage be any different from the point of view of society?
My answer to that question is that the government (State or Federal) has a vested interest in the products of marriage. Government has little at stake when it comes to who wins a Soccer match, or who comes out big in the weekly Poker game. But the product of marriage is of extreme interest to society.
[I
know I have written this before...]
Children are the natural by-product of marriage. This is an undeniable fact.
Children are the natural result of marriage, although I am not denying that they also come from non-married couples.
The State of Our Unions : The Social Health of Marriage in America From marriage.com
[quote]Most ancient societies needed a secure environment for
the perpetuation of the species,a system of rules to handle the granting of property rights, and the protection of bloodlines. The institution of marriage handled these needs. For instance, ancient Hebrew law required a man to become the husband of a deceased brother's widow.[/quote]
History of MarriageWe have other means to deal with property: a strong court system. I can will everything I have to someone I am unrelated to: a charity, a friend, even my dog, as long as my will was in order.
Bloodlines are much less important now than they were in the past, but marriage STILL handles this today.
So we are left with procreation.
Now, society needs babies, so why not simply set up anonymous sperm exchange locations (i.e. brothels) to accomplish this? Because children need parents. If I must, I can provide numerous sources that children raised by the State cause more problems, cost more money, and are generally alot more trouble than children raised by individuals.
Now, we have identified that we need children and we need individuals to raise those children.

Marriage provides a suitable juxtaposition of these two needs. Married couples, especially with children, are much more likely to produce healthy, successful children.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Family Relationships and Children's School Achievement in One- and Two-Parent Families[quote]The findings of this study are complex and multivariate; they reveal a web of social and family ecology links to students' academic success in school. Two-parent households are associated with higher socioeconomic status indicators, more support for the family, less parental depression, and less family dysfunction than one-parent households. Two-parent households also had children who were less hyperactive, more academically skilled, less anxious or depressed, and (judged by teachers) good in academic standing. [/quote]
Students Do Better When Their Fathers Are Involved at School[quote]Children living in single-parent households are, on average, less successful in school and experience more behavior problems than children living in two-parent households (McLanahan and Sandefur, 1994). [/quote]
From these links, we see that two parent households are preferred over single parent households. So we need to narrow it down between married couples and co-habitating couples.
Children[quote]Family income directly correlates with the number of American children who live in or below the level of poverty. Only 7.7% of first-marriage families live in poverty compared to 6.6% of stepfamilies, 28.3% of cohabiting couple families, 30.5% of single-parent, widowed families, 32.4% Divorce/Separated, single-parent families and 59.6% never-married, single-parent families (See Figure 4.7).[/quote]
So we see here that 28.3% of co-habitating couples are below the poverty line, compared to only 7.7% of married couples (both with children).
How Do Cohabiting Couples With Children Spend Their Money?[quote]Cohabitation is an increasingly prevalent living arrangement in the United States. This
demographic trend has raised concerns among researchers and policy makers who believe that cohabitation fails to confer the same benefits to family members as does marriage. Whether cohabitation should be considered not equivalent to marriage depends in part upon the extent to which cohabitors’ behavior differs from that of married couples. We draw on data from multiple years of the Consumer Expenditure Survey to compare the expenditure patterns of approximately 34,000 married-parent families, cohabiting-parent families, and single-parent families.
In crosssectional analyses, we find that cohabiting families spend a larger share of their budgets on alcohol, tobacco, children’s clothing, and transportation than do married families, and a smaller share on adult clothing, health care, and education than do married families. Compared to single-parent families, cohabiting families spend a larger budget share on food in the home, alcohol, and tobacco, and a smaller share on food away from home, adult clothing, and education. Examining differences in spending patterns using fixed-effects analyses finds much smaller differences than in the cross-sectional analyses. Our results indicate that cohabiting families allocate their budgets differently than do either married families or single parents, although we do not find strong evidence supporting the view that cohabitation causes these differences in behavior.[/quote]
(emphasis mine)So they were not able to find a cause, but the spending patterns are different in a co-habitating household with children compared to a married couple with children.
It goes into a bit more detail:
[quote]The rapidly increasing rate of cohabitation has raised interesting questions about cohabitation as a context for childrearing. In addition to research suggesting that married people 4 enjoy higher levels of economic stability, happiness, and health relative to adults in cohabiting unions, (Waite and Gallagher, 2000), studies have also suggested that cohabiting couple families have fewer economic resources than do married couple-families (Manning and Lichter, 1996), that the cohabiting union has a lower relationship quality and a higher incidence of domestic
violence compared with marriages (Brown and Booth 1996; Kenney and McLanahan, 2001), and that cohabiting couples with children experience higher levels of depression compared to married parents (Brown, 2000). In addition to potential differences in the economic and psychological contexts that children in cohabiting unions experience, cohabitation might affect the parenting contexts of
child development. Parents differ in the ways in which they allocate resources, including time, money, and affection, to their children. Thomson, McLanahan, and Curtin (1992) showed that cohabiting-parent families eat breakfast together less often than do children in single-motheronly families. Carlson and McLanahan’s (2001) analysis of the new Fragile Families data showed that cohabiting mothers read to their one-year old children somewhat less frequently than do married mothers. Hofferth and Anderson’s (2003) analysis of a national sample (the PSID Child Development Supplement) showed that children living with their mother and a
cohabiting father spend significantly less time directly engaged with this father figure than children living with two married biological parents. Also, in that study, cohabiting fathers report that they act less warmly toward their children than do married fathers. Bulcroft, Carmody, and Bulcroft (1998), drawing on data from another national sample, report differences in the monitoring and control of teenage children in cohabiting couple families compared to intact families; the effects varied by the sex of the child and the specific type of parental behavior.
These findings provide suggestive evidence that parents in cohabiting couple families allocate 5 their time and energies differently than do married parents. Such findings are interesting to the extent that they might provide an explanation for why children in cohabiting unions appear to have worse developmental outcomes than children in married-couple families (Dunifon and Kowaleski-Jones, 2002; Nelson, Clark, and Acs, 2001; Thomson, et al. 1994).[/quote]
So, the results of co-habitation are less than can be expected from marriage.
We can think of co-habitation as simply a newer for of "non-traditional" or "non-nuclear" family. What's the real difference between co-habitation and marriage? A simple piece of paper?
I think not. The difference is the attitude of the participants. There is a level of voluntary commitment there which is not present in the co-habitating family.
The Case for Marriage: Why Married People Are Happier, Healthier, and Better off Financially [quote]
Can cohabitators make their relationship just like a marriage? While there were eight times as many cohabitating couples in the 1990 census as in the 1980 census, marriage and living together are not the same. Cohabitating couples do not have commitment.
Cohabitating couples are less likely to be sexually faithful, to support each other emotionally and financially, and to manage their money as well. In a couple who live together, one can spend extravagantly, while the other says little about it so long as the bills are paid. On the other hand, in a married couple, if one spends extravagantly, the other may have plenty to say about it.
Cohabitating couples are also less likely to monitor each others' health, remind one to go to the dentist, prepare healthy meals, and speak up about unhealthy behaviors like smoking, drinking, and reckless driving. They also do not specialize in different areas, since they know the relationship could end without strings.
Women who were more career oriented were more likely to cohabitate (57%), as were men who rated their leisure time as more important (53%) (Clarkberg, 1995). However, cohabitators tend to hold more positive ideas about divorce, and more negative attitudes about marriage in general as well. Cohabitating women do not show the same level of high risk behaviors that single men do, but they are more likely to be accompanying such single men (Umberson, 1987). Married women are more likely to have private health insurance (about 80%) than single women (about 50%) (Hahn, 1993).
As for abuse, children in single parent homes or step-families are at a high risk for physical and sexual abuse. Step-fathers and boyfriends of the mother are the highest risk abusers. Although they typically contribute on 2% of the childcare, they are responsible for almost half the reported abuse incidents by non-parents (Margolin, 1992). One study concluded that "Living with a step-parent has turned out to be the most powerful predictor of severe child abuse yet" (Daley and Wilson, 1996).
[/quote]
Let's tie this back in to Gay Marriage. First, let's examine the role of gay couples as parents.
I have already provided a link saying that the participation level of the father is critical to a child's success and happiness in school. In a Gay marriage involving two women, there is obviously no "father" involved. The sperm donor is often anonymous (for an in vitro fertilized mother) or uninterested (in the case of adoption). There is little to no chance that a father is involved.
Similarly, in a male-male Gay marriage, the mother is unlikely to be involved.
There is a balance to be struck in a relationship when it comes to raising children. Mothers nurture, fathers promote competitiveness. A balance is struck when raising a child between being compassionate and striving for success. Both of these elements need to be provided. Both must also be moderated.
Gay marriages do not provide this balance, almost by definition.
Let me address one more point before people become irate with me:
[quote=Grendel72]Same sex couples already have children.
Marriage benefits are not denied to infertile heterosexual couples, nor to those who choose not to have children, nor does marriage end at menopause...
I find this position frankly infuriating, it is quite plainly a justification after the fact and in your zeal to persecute homosexuals you insult heterosexuals who are unable to conceive. [/quote]
Same sex couples do have children, either from a previous (straight) relationship, or through adoption/artificial insemination.
Marriage is a tool that is used to promote the situation that has been proven to be ideal for raising children. One mother and one father, living together to raise kids.
Some laws are made to promote certain behavior (or discourage other behaviors).
Do laws against littering ensure that people will not litter? Of course not.
Do "Crimestopper" type reward programs ensure that a criminal will be caught? Of course not.
Do tax incentives for having children mean that everyone has more children? I don't know. I don't think that they do.
But they encourage behavior, to the benefit of society. Marriage has traditionally been used to promote people having children who are legitimate (used to be a big issue) and who have the most chance to succeed in society.
Besides children, what other benefits are there to be gained via marriage?
Visitation rights? Hardly a government issue (since the government doesn't run many hospitals). Hardly a compelling argument to get married, either.
Inheritance? As I said earlier, get a decent lawyer and you can bequeath your money to your dog if you want. Not really an issue.
Taxes? I guess if paying higher taxes is seen as a benefit...
Health care? I did not marry based upon what my wife's health care package looked like. Marrying for purely monetary reasons seems contrary to the spirit of the institution. I cannot marry my brother for his health care benefits, even if gay marriages were allowed. So we would still have "discrimination"...
The government's only motivation here should be he betterment of society. Show me how endorsement of gay marriage will positively affect the US as a whole. Explain to me why the government should care how or if two people live together.
Marriage (from the government's viewpoint) is about children, and thus there is no compelling reason to allow people who cannot have children to wed.