How is all of our television viewing affecting our intelligence? Are we
becoming less, or more, intelligent?I think that we're probably becoming more gradually intelligent and educated overall, but that the
type of intelligence and education we have is shifting. Television, especially commercial television (both in the sense of advertising-driven stations, and the massive profileration of channels) is playing a big role in this, but not the only role.
The idea that a broad general education for it's own sake, coupled to a sceptical and rationalistic evaluation of facts being the driving factor of the formation of opinions, is the best objective - that idea has gone out of fashion.
Only a few liberal intellectuals still place much esteem on it, though it is not a liberal idea a such (just a late 19th century one).
[aside]Of course, this ideal hasn't really been achievable since the Renaiisance - the body of human knowledge is now just too large for any one person to have an expertise in all areas. It's doubtful that Leonardo da Vinci would be able to be such a polymath, and be taken seriously in all his areas of activity, if he were alive today. However, IMO some goals should be striven for even if they will never be reached.[/aside]
Instead, education (and by implication, intelligence - I believe they are implacably linked) is now almost totally driven by the needs of the market. Employers want the education system to produce the skills they need, and aren't really interested in ideas like independent thought, sceptical inquiry, and so on. Workers who challenge
every idea for the business justification tend not to be the most useful.
Indeed, much of commerce relies on their absence in the target audience - why else would shampoo & cosmetics commercials place so much store on "fruit micro-acids", "active liposomes", and (the
piece de resistance) "Boswelox"

, unless they are relying on the ignorance of their audience to lead them to be impressed by such pseudo-scientific nonsense?
Is television being used as a means, by our government, to keep us under control?Not sure. My default setting it opposition to conspiracy theories. I think, however, that "the market " in it's widest sense is becoming very sophisticated in manipulating us, especially in areas where we have the most chioice. It's as if our behaviour when faced with many choices is that the actual process of choosing doesn't matter much, so we make it without thinking. I think that advertising has the most impact on these subliminal choices we make. How much thought do we give to which brand of candy to buy? More or less none, I'd say, so we reach for the brand that is most familiar from advertising. How much thought do we give to buying a house or car (or to voting)?
A good deal more, so (as yet), I'd say advertising, PR, and "spin" have much less impact (though not none) on these decisions - we base them far more on the distinctive features &
benefits of the product, service, or candate.
Now, politics across the board is perfectly aware of this. The commercial pressures of the media have moved the agenda-setting moments from hours to minutes to seconds (the average political soundbite on US network news, which is still the majority's source, is seven seconds today, compared to two or three minutes in the 1950s, I heard recently). The general journalistic and public tone is that politicians are all the same anyway - untrustworthy, self-seeking, power-hungry, etc.
So we are getting to a point where the choice at the ballot box is not perceived to matter much either. Which (following my logic) means that people don't give the decision as much conscious thought as they sued to, which in turn means that they are more open to manipulation by the media. Despite the fact that they might be colossally intelligent and knowledgeable in their own feild of specialism.
Polticians in government are also bound by these modern constraints. It's easier to spin and manipulate than it is to expect people to engage with the arguments and follow lines of reasoning. This is not only because the people are out of the habit of doing so, but also the politicians might lose some of thier power if we draw back the curtain and see they are just ordinary and fallible men and women pulling levers they don't really understand. And not the superhuman leaders who can save us from fear or threat (which, often have only arisen because of their own whisperings) that we really yearn for, because we naturally prefer not to think about something if we can get someone else to do it for us.